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ObjectiveTo analyze the research hotspots and frontier trends in the field of early screening tools of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over the past two decades. MethodsThe literature on early screening tools for ASD was searched in Web of Science core collection database from 2002 to 2022. CiteSpace was used for cluster analysis of keywords, to draw knowledge mapping. Research disciplines were analyzed and comprehensively interpreted. ResultsA total of 115 articles were included. The number of researches on early screening tools for ASD had been increasing over the past two decades. The research disciplines with higher publication volume included pediatrics, neurology and neuroscience, and psychology. A total of 191 keywords were identified, and the LLR keyword clustering analysis yielded eleven clusters. ConclusionModified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F) and Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) have been subjected to large-scale sample screening and follow-up observation for validity, demonstrating good psychometric properties and high clinical diagnostic value. The development of new early screening tools for ASD, validation of the reliability and validity of different language versions of the M-CHAT-R/F, and research on digital and networked M-CHAT-R/F are current research hotspots. Cultural adaptation of early screening tools for ASD and their application within the developmental monitoring framework may represent frontier research trends.
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Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of WEE1 in gastric cancer and its influence on prognosis of patients. Methods Seventy-eight patients with gastric cancer were enrolled. According to the presence or absence of lymph node(LN)metastasis,the patients were divided into LN( -)group and LN( +)group. The expression of WEE1 in gastric canc-er tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-qRCR techniques. The influence of WEE1 expression on LN metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer were analyzed statistically. Results (1)The positive rate of WEE1 in gastric cancer was 43. 6% ,of which 13 cases were a low expression and 21 cases with high expression. The positive rates of WEE1 in LN( +) group and LN( -) group were 53. 8% and 23. 1% ,respectively. (2)The results of RT-qPCR showed that the mRNA expression of WEE1 in LN( -)and LN ( +)groups was(1. 32 ± 0. 21) and(3. 64 ± 0. 41),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0. 01). (3) The results of ROC curve showed that the area under curve(AUC)of WEE1 mRNA expression level for LN metastasis of gastric cancer was 0. 806,the sensitivity was 84. 8% ,the specificity was 79. 6% ,and the diagnostic efficacy was good. T stage and LN metastasis were independent risk factors for the expression of WEE1(P<0. 05). (4)Among 78 patients,7 patients were lost to follow-up,the rate of loss of follow-up was 8. 9% ,and 41 patients died within 5 years. Among them,13,10 and 18 died in the WEE1( -)group,low-ex-pression of WEE1 group and high-expression of WEE1 group,respectively. The 5-year survival rates of the three groups were signif-icantly different(χ2 =25. 67,P<0. 001). The survival rate in the low expression of WEE1 group was not significantly different from the high expression of WEE1 group(P>0. 05),but both of them were significantly low the WEE1( -)group(P<0. 05). Conclusion WEE1 has a high positive rate in gastric cancer,and is closely related to patient stage and LN metastasis. The positive expression of WEE1 is a strong signal for poor prognosis.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of cerebral palsy(CP)in children aged 1-6 years in China,including the incidence,prevalence,type of CP,etiology,prevention and rehabilitation status. Methods The survey was carried out by standard questionnaires,multi-center collaboration,stratified-cluster ran-dom sampling method.The surveyed adopted the following principles:streets in the city and villages in the rural areas, and the number of the urban and rural children was the same,and the proportion of children in each age group was balanced.The investigation areas included provinces and autonomous regions,including Heilongjiang,Beijing,Henan, Shandong,Shanxi,Shaanxi,Anhui,Hunan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Chongqing and Qinghai,and 323 858 children were in-vestigated.Results The incidence of CP was 2.48‰(155/62 591 cases),and the prevalence was 2.46‰(797/323 858 cases)(1-6 years old).The prevalence varied in different regions,in which the highest prevalence was 5. 40‰(54/9 998 cases)in Qinghai province,and the lowest prevalence was 1.04‰(47/45 133 cases)in Shandong province.The prevalence of the males(2.64‰,461/174 391 cases)was higher than that of the females(2.25‰, 336/149 467 cases),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The types of CP were spastic type (58.85%,469/797 cases),mixed type(13.17%,105/797 cases),dyskinetic(9.79%,78/797 cases),hypotonic (8.28%,66/797 cases),ataxia(6.25%,52/797 cases)and rigid(3.39%,27/797 cases)respectively in 797 CP children.The first three risk factors for CP were long -term exposure to harmful physical factors during pregnancy, whether there were birth defects among the three generations of relatives of the children,such as children's peers, parents or grandparents,whether there were birth defects among the children's peers,parents or grandparents,and neonatal jaundice or persistent jaundice.Among 797 CP children,79.67% of the children with CP were timely detected and treated in the local hospitals,while the other 19.93% of them were not timely treated.The places which could give them timely detection and early diagnosis and treatment were general hospitals(42.97%),Maternity and Infant Hospitals (27.03%)and Children's Hospitals(20.31%). The main rehabilitation methods for 797 children with CP were 34.58% in the hospitals or rehabilitation centers,31.61% in the communities(including at home),33.80% mainly in the medical institution,and in the communities they could also receive partially rehabilitation services. Conclusions The prevalence of CP in China is coincident with international levels.The prevalence rate of CP in males is higher than that in females.The types of CP distribution are accorded with international distribution characteristics.There were still some children with CP who could not receive timely detection and treatment.Rehabilitation at the medical institutions is the chief way and proper rehabilitation guidance should be carried out in the communities.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in China in 2016 and provide evidence for the control and prevention of human rabies.Methods The incidence data of human rabies in China in 2016 were collected from national infectious disease reporting information management system.The surveillance data were collected from provinces of Shandong,Guizhou,Anhui,Hunan,Jiangsu and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Excel 2013 software was used to process and summarize the data,the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in China in 2016 were described by using indicators such as morbidity,mortality and constituent ratio.Results A total of 644 human rabies cases were reported in 28 provinces in China in 2016,a decrease of 19.60％ (157/801) compared with 2015.The provinces reporting high incidences of human rabies were Henan,Hunan,Guangxi and Guizhou,accounting for 39.44％ (254/644) of the total cases.One case was reported in Qinghai province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region respectively.The male to female ratio of the cases was 2.14 ∶ 1 (439/205),and the majority of the patients were farmers (444/644).Surveillance points in 6 provinces reported 1 281 340 persons seeking post-exposure treatment,of whom 1 018 367 were treated for dog bite or scratch.A total of 764 234 persons completed the vaccination series,accounting for 63.90％ (764 234/1 195 956) of the persons with grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ exposures,and 28.89％ (165 677/573 571) of the persons with grade Ⅲ exposure were treated with passive immunization product.The average density of dogs in each surveillance area was 7.03/100 persons,the average canine immunization rate was 37.64％.Conclusion The incidence of human rabies has remained decline in China in 2016,the number of the affected provinces has increased and that has the tendency of spreading to low-risk regions.The cases mainly occurred in men and farmers,and caused by dog bite or scratch.It is necessary to strengthen the health education about rabies prevention and control in rural areas and expand the coverage of canine immunization to prevent and control human rabies.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in China in 2016 and provide evidence for the control and prevention of human rabies.Methods The incidence data of human rabies in China in 2016 were collected from national infectious disease reporting information management system.The surveillance data were collected from provinces of Shandong,Guizhou,Anhui,Hunan,Jiangsu and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Excel 2013 software was used to process and summarize the data,the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in China in 2016 were described by using indicators such as morbidity,mortality and constituent ratio.Results A total of 644 human rabies cases were reported in 28 provinces in China in 2016,a decrease of 19.60％ (157/801) compared with 2015.The provinces reporting high incidences of human rabies were Henan,Hunan,Guangxi and Guizhou,accounting for 39.44％ (254/644) of the total cases.One case was reported in Qinghai province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region respectively.The male to female ratio of the cases was 2.14 ∶ 1 (439/205),and the majority of the patients were farmers (444/644).Surveillance points in 6 provinces reported 1 281 340 persons seeking post-exposure treatment,of whom 1 018 367 were treated for dog bite or scratch.A total of 764 234 persons completed the vaccination series,accounting for 63.90％ (764 234/1 195 956) of the persons with grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ exposures,and 28.89％ (165 677/573 571) of the persons with grade Ⅲ exposure were treated with passive immunization product.The average density of dogs in each surveillance area was 7.03/100 persons,the average canine immunization rate was 37.64％.Conclusion The incidence of human rabies has remained decline in China in 2016,the number of the affected provinces has increased and that has the tendency of spreading to low-risk regions.The cases mainly occurred in men and farmers,and caused by dog bite or scratch.It is necessary to strengthen the health education about rabies prevention and control in rural areas and expand the coverage of canine immunization to prevent and control human rabies.
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There were three rabies epidemic stages from 1950 to 2016 in China. This article describes the epidemiological characteristics, summarizes the experience and lessons of prevention and control of each stage. The prevalence of rabies in China was closely related to the social factors, the level of economic development, national policies and technology. Therefore, to eliminate rabies in humans in China, joint efforts including national policies and various norms of support are needed. Also, animal immunization and human disposal after exposure are important for the protection of human life and safety.
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Objective:To establish the quality standard for Xiao'er Hanting granule. Methods:Astragali Radix,Rhizoma Atrac-tylodis Macrocephalae (baked) and Saposhnikoviae Radix were qualitatively identified by a TLC method. The contents of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside in the preparation were determined by an HPLC method. The chromatographic column was Cosmosil C18(250 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm);the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.2% methanoicacid(16 :84); the flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1; the detection wavelength was 260 nm. Results:Astragaloside A in Astragali Radix was detected by the TLC method,and Rhizoma Atractylodis Mac-rocephalae (baked),Saposhnikoviae Radix and saposhnkoviae standard crude drug had the same clear spots without any negative inter-ference. The linear range of calycosin- 7-O-β-D-glycoside was 0.061-0.613 μg(r =0.999 9). The average recovery was 99.4% (RSD=1.29%,n=6). Conclusion:The method is accurate,rapid,stable and reliable with good reproducibility,which is suitable for the quality control of Xiao'er Hanting granule.
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Purpose To study the hemodynamic changes of kidney interlobar artery in children with type 1 diabetes, and to explore the clinical value of the color Doppler ultrasound in diabetic nephropathy during the incubation period. Materials and Methods The study was performed in 52 children with type 1 diabetes and in 51 age-matched healthy children as control group. The resistance index (RI) of interlobar artery was measured with color Doppler ultrasonography, and the clinical data and laboratory indicators were analyzed. Results The left kidney RI, right kidney RI and average RI were all significantly higher in children with diabetes than in age-matched healthy group (P<0.01). The mean RI were correlated positively with (HbA1c) (r=0.96, P<0.01) and diabetes duration (r=0.31, P<0.01), respectively. Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and glomerular filtration rate were significantly higher in children with diabetes than in age-matched healthy group (P<0.01). Conclusion The RI of interlobar artery increases in children with type 1 diabetes. Early changes of renal hemodynamics in children with type 1 diabetes are detectable with Doppler sonography, and have certain value in early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical curative effect of traditional Chinese medical massage for the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in the infants with real-time tissue elastography technology, and to explore the clinical application value of real-time tissue elastography. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 120 infants with clinical diagnosis of congenital muscular torticollis. All of the infants were treated with traditional Chinese medical massage once a day, 10 times for a course of treatment, and the treatment lasted 18 courses. The differences of image of the injured sternomastoid muscle were observed before and after treatment by real-time tissue elastography. Results Before massage therapy, the differences between the image scores of injured sternomastoid muscle and those of the healthy sternomastoid muscle were significant ( P0.05) . The differences of the image scores of injured sternomastoid muscle were sternomastoid muscle ( P> 0.05) . The differences of the image scores of injured sternomastoid muscle were significant before and after therapy ( P<0.01) Conclusion Traditional Chinese medical massage has certain therapeutic effect for the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in the infants, and real-time tissue elastography technology can reflect the changes of muscle tissue directly and noninvasively, which will provide objective basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in the infants.
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We adjusted medical statistics teaching contents and teaching methods according to the characteristics of different students and based on the current status of domestic medical statics teaching.Implementation effect was summarized in order to provide references for the teaching reform of medical statistics.
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@#Objective To study the effect of brain function biofeedback on children with spastic cerebral palsy following attention deficit disorder. Methods 44 children with spastic cerebral palsy were divided into 2 groups: 23 cases in observation group and 21in control group. The routine rehabilitation including physical therapy, occupational therapy, sensory integration, speech therapy and traditional Chinese medicine were used in two groups, while at the same time EEG biofeedback therapy was used in the observation group 5 times a week for 3 months. Chinese Binet Intelligence Scale (CBIS) and The Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) were used to assess the effect before and after treatment. Results After the treatment, the intellectual level of the observation group significantly improved (P<0.01), omissions significantly reduced (P<0.01), error number was lower (P<0.05), reaction time was significantly shorter(P<0.01), mutation rate was significantly lower (P<0.01); while the intellectual level of the control group didn't significantly improve (P>0.05), omissions and reaction time significantly reduced (P<0.01), there was not obvious difference in error number and the mutation (P>0.05). Conclusion Brain function biofeedback can effectively improve attention disorder in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
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Objective To study the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the dynamic occupational therapy cognitive assessment for children (DOTCA-Ch).Methods The English version of the DOTCA-Ch was translated into Chinese. One hundred and nine students from the city of Jiamusi were assessed with the Chinese Binet intelligence test and the DOTCA-Ch. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used in inter-rater and intra-rater reliability assessments. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess internal consistency. Factor analysis was used to assess construct validity. Pearson correlation coefficients were used in assessing criterion-related validity. Results The total ICC of the DOTCA-Ch was 0. 892. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the subtests were orientation 0. 713 ; spatial perception 0. 793 ; praxis 0. 850 ; visuomotor construction 0. 844 and thinking operations 0. 630. The ICC for intra-rater reliability was 0. 991 and for inter-rater reliability it was 0. 989. Using the Binet intelligence test as a benchmark, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the IQ values and the total DOTCA-Ch scores was 0. 872 for 6 year-olds, but 0. 870 for 11 and 12 yearolds. Factor analysis revealed an acceptable set of 5 common factors. Their cumulative contribution was 67％.Conclusions The Chinese version of the DOTCA-Ch is reliable and valid. It can be used as an effective measuring tool to evaluate children's cognitive functioning.
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BACKGROUND: To repair bone defect, histocompatibility, growing characteristics, biodegradation and repairing mechanism of nanometer need to be further studied in clinic. OBJECTIVE: To observe the growing characteristics and histocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite (Nano-HA) for repairing jaw defect of rabbits.DESIGN: Randomized grouping animal study.SETTING: Beijing Jishuitan Hospital and Stomatology College of Jiamusi University.MATERIALS: A total of 24 New Zealand rabbits, either gender, weighing 2.5-3.5 kg, were provided by Animal Experimental Center of Jiamusi University. The animal experiment had got confirmed consent from local ethic committee. Nano-HA was provided by Material Engineering College of Jiamusi University and dealt with routine hyperthermia/hypertension sterilization. In addition, hydroxyapatite was provided by Wuhan Industry University, and the diameter was 1.0-2.0 μm.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Experimental Animal Center of Jiamusi University from November 2001 to May 2006. All rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 12 in each group. Bone defect in the diameter of 1.0 cm was produced on body of mandible. Nano-HA was used to repair the bone defect of rabbits in the experimental group, while hydroxyapatite was used to repair the bone defect of rabbits in the control group. At 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation, all rabbits were sacrificed. In addition, medical imaging analysis system was used to analyze generative quantity of tissue in the two groups; meanwhile, histological quality and quantity were also analyzed so as to observe histocompatibility and newborn osteogenesis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histocompatibility and newborn osteogenesis.RESULTS: With the time passing by, the amount of repairing materials was decreased because of the combination with newborn tissue into bone in bone defect-repaired region in the experimental group. When it was closed to normal bone, the amount was stable. However, bony callus was not able to grow in materials in the control group. Results of correlation analysis demonstrated that materials were negatively straight-line correlation with newborn bone (r = -0.912 0, P < 0.01). During the repairing procedure of bone defect, newborn bone was closely correlative with Nano-HA; while, with the increase of newborn bone, the amount of repairing materials was decreased because of the combination with newborn tissue into bone.CONCLUSION: Nano-HA can combine with newborn bone tissue so as to rapidly generate bone, while it has an excellent biocompatibility.